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emphasis. Thus, a highly animated voice, i.e., one that is heavily inflected,
displays a high pitch range. This property specifies the range over which these
variations occur, i.e., how much the fundamental frequency may deviate from the
average pitch.
Values have the following meanings:
number
A value between ’0’ and ’100’. A pitch range of ’0’ produces a flat, monotonic
voice. A pitch range of 50 produces normal inflection. Pitch ranges greater
than 50 produce animated voices.
’stress’
Value:
number | inherit
Initial:
50
Applies to:
all elements
Inherited:
yes
Percentages: N/A
Media:
aural
Specifies the height of "local peaks" in the intonation contour of a voice. For
example, English is a stressed language, and different parts of a sentence are
assigned primary, secondary, or tertiary stress. The value of ’stress’ controls the
amount of inflection that results from these stress markers. This property is a
companion to the ’pitch-range’ property and is provided to allow developers to
exploit higher-end auditory displays.
287
Values have the following meanings:
number
A value, between ’0’ and ’100’. The meaning of values depends on the
language being spoken. For example, a level of ’50’ for a standard,
English-speaking male voice (average pitch = 122Hz), speaking with normal
intonation and emphasis would have a different meaning than ’50’ for an
Italian voice.
’richness’
Value:
number | inherit
Initial:
50
Applies to:
all elements
Inherited:
yes
Percentages: N/A
Media:
aural
Specifies the richness, or brightness, of the speaking voice. A rich voice will
"carry" in a large room, a smooth voice will not. (The term "smooth" refers to how
the wave form looks when drawn.)
Values have the following meanings:
number
A value between ’0’ and ’100’. The higher the value, the more the voice will
carry. A lower value will produce a soft, mellifluous voice.
19.9 Speech properties: ’speak-punctuation’ and
’speak-numeral’
An additional speech property, speak-header [p. 267] , is described in the
chapter on tables [p. 245]
’speak-punctuation’
Value:
code | none | inherit
Initial:
none
Applies to:
all elements
Inherited:
yes
Percentages: N/A
Media:
aural
This property specifies how punctuation is spoken. Values have the following
meanings:
code
Punctuation such as semicolons, braces, and so on are to be spoken liter-
ally.
288
none
Punctuation is not to be spoken, but instead rendered naturally as various
pauses.
’speak-numeral’
Value:
digits | continuous | inherit
Initial:
continuous
Applies to:
all elements
Inherited:
yes
Percentages: N/A
Media:
aural
This property controls how numerals are spoken. Values have the following
meanings:
digits
Speak the numeral as individual digits. Thus, "237" is spoken "Two Three
Seven".
continuous
Speak the numeral as a full number. Thus, "237" is spoken "Two hundred
thirty seven". Word representations are language-dependent.
289
290
Appendix A. A sample style sheet for HTML
4.0
This appendix is informative, not normative.
This style sheet describes the typical formatting of all HTML 4.0 ([HTML40])
elements based on extensive research into current UA practice. Developers are
encouraged to use it as a default style sheet in their implementations.
The full presentation of some HTML elements cannot be expressed in CSS2,
including replaced [p. 30] elements (IMG, OBJECT), scripting elements (SCRIPT,
APPLET), form control elements, and frame elements.
ADDRESS,
BLOCKQUOTE,
BODY, DD, DIV,
DL, DT,
FIELDSET, FORM,
FRAME, FRAMESET,
H1, H2, H3, H4,
H5, H6, IFRAME,
NOFRAMES,
OBJECT, OL, P,
UL, APPLET,
CENTER, DIR,
HR, MENU, PRE { display: block }
LI
{ display: list-item }
HEAD
{ display: none }
TABLE
{ display: table }
TR
{ display: table-row }
THEAD
{ display: table-header-group }
TBODY
{ display: table-row-group }
TFOOT
{ display: table-footer-group }
COL
{ display: table-column }
COLGROUP
{ display: table-column-group }
TD, TH
{ display: table-cell }
CAPTION
{ display: table-caption }
TH
{ font-weight: bolder; text-align: center }
CAPTION
{ text-align: center }
BODY
{ padding: 8px; line-height: 1.33 }
H1
{ font-size: 2em; margin: .67em 0 }
H2
{ font-size: 1.5em; margin: .83em 0 }
H3
{ font-size: 1.17em; margin: 1em 0 }
H4, P,
BLOCKQUOTE, UL,
FIELDSET, FORM,
OL, DL, DIR,
MENU
{ margin: 1.33em 0 }
H5
{ font-size: .83em; line-height: 1.17em; margin: 1.67em 0 }
H6
{ font-size: .67em; margin: 2.33em 0 }
H1, H2, H3, H4,
H5, H6, B,
STRONG
{ font-weight: bolder }
BLOCKQUOTE { margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px }
I, CITE, EM,
VAR, ADDRESS { font-style: italic }
PRE, TT, CODE,
KBD, SAMP
{ font-family: monospace }
PRE
{ white-space: pre }
BIG
{ font-size: 1.17em }
SMALL, SUB, SUP { font-size: .83em }
291
{ vertical-align: sub }
{ vertical-align: super }
{ text-decoration: line-through }
{ border: 1px inset }
{ margin-left: 40px }
{ list-style-type: decimal }
{ margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 }
{ text-decoration: underline }
{ text-align: center }
{ content: "\A" }
SUB
SUP
S, STRIKE, DEL
HR
OL, UL, DIR,
MENU, DD
OL
OL UL, UL OL,
UL UL, OL OL
U, INS
CENTER
BR:before
/* An example of style for HTML 4.0’s ABBR/ACRONYM elements */
ABBR, ACRONYM { font-variant: small-caps; letter-spacing: 0.1em }
A[href]
{ text-decoration: underline }
:focus
{ outline: thin dotted invert }
/* Begin bidirectionality settings (do not change) */
BDO[DIR="ltr"] { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override }
BDO[DIR="rtl"] { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override }
*[DIR="ltr"] { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed }
*[DIR="rtl"] { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed }
/* Elements that are block-level in HTML4 */
ADDRESS, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, DD, DIV, DL, DT, FIELDSET,
FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, IFRAME,
NOSCRIPT, NOFRAMES, OBJECT, OL, P, UL, APPLET, CENTER,
DIR, HR, MENU, PRE, LI, TABLE, TR, THEAD, TBODY, TFOOT,
COL, COLGROUP, TD, TH, CAPTION
{ unicode-bidi: embed }
/* End bidi settings */
@media print {
@page
H1, H2, H3,
H4, H5, H6
BLOCKQUOTE,
PRE
UL, OL, DL
}
{ margin: 10% }
{ page-break-after: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid }
{ page-break-inside: avoid }
{ page-break-before: avoid }
@media speech {
H1, H2, H3,
H4, H5, H6 { voice-family: paul, male; stress: 20; richness: 90 }
H1
{ pitch: x-low; pitch-range: 90 }
H2
{ pitch: x-low; pitch-range: 80 }
H3
{ pitch: low; pitch-range: 70 }
H4
{ pitch: medium; pitch-range: 60 }
H5
{ pitch: medium; pitch-range: 50 }
H6
{ pitch: medium; pitch-range: 40 }
LI, DT, DD { pitch: medium; richness: 60 }
DT
{ stress: 80 }
PRE, CODE, TT { pitch: medium; pitch-range: 0; stress: 0; richness: 80 }
EM
{ pitch: medium; pitch-range: 60; stress: 60; richness: 50 }
STRONG
{ pitch: medium; pitch-range: 60; stress: 90; richness: 90 }
DFN
{ pitch: high; pitch-range: 60; stress: 60 }
S, STRIKE { richness: 0 }
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zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl aikidobyd.xlx.pl
emphasis. Thus, a highly animated voice, i.e., one that is heavily inflected,
displays a high pitch range. This property specifies the range over which these
variations occur, i.e., how much the fundamental frequency may deviate from the
average pitch.
Values have the following meanings:
number
A value between ’0’ and ’100’. A pitch range of ’0’ produces a flat, monotonic
voice. A pitch range of 50 produces normal inflection. Pitch ranges greater
than 50 produce animated voices.
’stress’
Value:
number | inherit
Initial:
50
Applies to:
all elements
Inherited:
yes
Percentages: N/A
Media:
aural
Specifies the height of "local peaks" in the intonation contour of a voice. For
example, English is a stressed language, and different parts of a sentence are
assigned primary, secondary, or tertiary stress. The value of ’stress’ controls the
amount of inflection that results from these stress markers. This property is a
companion to the ’pitch-range’ property and is provided to allow developers to
exploit higher-end auditory displays.
287
Values have the following meanings:
number
A value, between ’0’ and ’100’. The meaning of values depends on the
language being spoken. For example, a level of ’50’ for a standard,
English-speaking male voice (average pitch = 122Hz), speaking with normal
intonation and emphasis would have a different meaning than ’50’ for an
Italian voice.
’richness’
Value:
number | inherit
Initial:
50
Applies to:
all elements
Inherited:
yes
Percentages: N/A
Media:
aural
Specifies the richness, or brightness, of the speaking voice. A rich voice will
"carry" in a large room, a smooth voice will not. (The term "smooth" refers to how
the wave form looks when drawn.)
Values have the following meanings:
number
A value between ’0’ and ’100’. The higher the value, the more the voice will
carry. A lower value will produce a soft, mellifluous voice.
19.9 Speech properties: ’speak-punctuation’ and
’speak-numeral’
An additional speech property, speak-header [p. 267] , is described in the
chapter on tables [p. 245]
’speak-punctuation’
Value:
code | none | inherit
Initial:
none
Applies to:
all elements
Inherited:
yes
Percentages: N/A
Media:
aural
This property specifies how punctuation is spoken. Values have the following
meanings:
code
Punctuation such as semicolons, braces, and so on are to be spoken liter-
ally.
288
none
Punctuation is not to be spoken, but instead rendered naturally as various
pauses.
’speak-numeral’
Value:
digits | continuous | inherit
Initial:
continuous
Applies to:
all elements
Inherited:
yes
Percentages: N/A
Media:
aural
This property controls how numerals are spoken. Values have the following
meanings:
digits
Speak the numeral as individual digits. Thus, "237" is spoken "Two Three
Seven".
continuous
Speak the numeral as a full number. Thus, "237" is spoken "Two hundred
thirty seven". Word representations are language-dependent.
289
290
Appendix A. A sample style sheet for HTML
4.0
This appendix is informative, not normative.
This style sheet describes the typical formatting of all HTML 4.0 ([HTML40])
elements based on extensive research into current UA practice. Developers are
encouraged to use it as a default style sheet in their implementations.
The full presentation of some HTML elements cannot be expressed in CSS2,
including replaced [p. 30] elements (IMG, OBJECT), scripting elements (SCRIPT,
APPLET), form control elements, and frame elements.
ADDRESS,
BLOCKQUOTE,
BODY, DD, DIV,
DL, DT,
FIELDSET, FORM,
FRAME, FRAMESET,
H1, H2, H3, H4,
H5, H6, IFRAME,
NOFRAMES,
OBJECT, OL, P,
UL, APPLET,
CENTER, DIR,
HR, MENU, PRE { display: block }
LI
{ display: list-item }
HEAD
{ display: none }
TABLE
{ display: table }
TR
{ display: table-row }
THEAD
{ display: table-header-group }
TBODY
{ display: table-row-group }
TFOOT
{ display: table-footer-group }
COL
{ display: table-column }
COLGROUP
{ display: table-column-group }
TD, TH
{ display: table-cell }
CAPTION
{ display: table-caption }
TH
{ font-weight: bolder; text-align: center }
CAPTION
{ text-align: center }
BODY
{ padding: 8px; line-height: 1.33 }
H1
{ font-size: 2em; margin: .67em 0 }
H2
{ font-size: 1.5em; margin: .83em 0 }
H3
{ font-size: 1.17em; margin: 1em 0 }
H4, P,
BLOCKQUOTE, UL,
FIELDSET, FORM,
OL, DL, DIR,
MENU
{ margin: 1.33em 0 }
H5
{ font-size: .83em; line-height: 1.17em; margin: 1.67em 0 }
H6
{ font-size: .67em; margin: 2.33em 0 }
H1, H2, H3, H4,
H5, H6, B,
STRONG
{ font-weight: bolder }
BLOCKQUOTE { margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px }
I, CITE, EM,
VAR, ADDRESS { font-style: italic }
PRE, TT, CODE,
KBD, SAMP
{ font-family: monospace }
PRE
{ white-space: pre }
BIG
{ font-size: 1.17em }
SMALL, SUB, SUP { font-size: .83em }
291
{ vertical-align: sub }
{ vertical-align: super }
{ text-decoration: line-through }
{ border: 1px inset }
{ margin-left: 40px }
{ list-style-type: decimal }
{ margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 }
{ text-decoration: underline }
{ text-align: center }
{ content: "\A" }
SUB
SUP
S, STRIKE, DEL
HR
OL, UL, DIR,
MENU, DD
OL
OL UL, UL OL,
UL UL, OL OL
U, INS
CENTER
BR:before
/* An example of style for HTML 4.0’s ABBR/ACRONYM elements */
ABBR, ACRONYM { font-variant: small-caps; letter-spacing: 0.1em }
A[href]
{ text-decoration: underline }
:focus
{ outline: thin dotted invert }
/* Begin bidirectionality settings (do not change) */
BDO[DIR="ltr"] { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: bidi-override }
BDO[DIR="rtl"] { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: bidi-override }
*[DIR="ltr"] { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed }
*[DIR="rtl"] { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed }
/* Elements that are block-level in HTML4 */
ADDRESS, BLOCKQUOTE, BODY, DD, DIV, DL, DT, FIELDSET,
FORM, FRAME, FRAMESET, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, IFRAME,
NOSCRIPT, NOFRAMES, OBJECT, OL, P, UL, APPLET, CENTER,
DIR, HR, MENU, PRE, LI, TABLE, TR, THEAD, TBODY, TFOOT,
COL, COLGROUP, TD, TH, CAPTION
{ unicode-bidi: embed }
/* End bidi settings */
@media print {
@page
H1, H2, H3,
H4, H5, H6
BLOCKQUOTE,
PRE
UL, OL, DL
}
{ margin: 10% }
{ page-break-after: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid }
{ page-break-inside: avoid }
{ page-break-before: avoid }
@media speech {
H1, H2, H3,
H4, H5, H6 { voice-family: paul, male; stress: 20; richness: 90 }
H1
{ pitch: x-low; pitch-range: 90 }
H2
{ pitch: x-low; pitch-range: 80 }
H3
{ pitch: low; pitch-range: 70 }
H4
{ pitch: medium; pitch-range: 60 }
H5
{ pitch: medium; pitch-range: 50 }
H6
{ pitch: medium; pitch-range: 40 }
LI, DT, DD { pitch: medium; richness: 60 }
DT
{ stress: 80 }
PRE, CODE, TT { pitch: medium; pitch-range: 0; stress: 0; richness: 80 }
EM
{ pitch: medium; pitch-range: 60; stress: 60; richness: 50 }
STRONG
{ pitch: medium; pitch-range: 60; stress: 90; richness: 90 }
DFN
{ pitch: high; pitch-range: 60; stress: 60 }
S, STRIKE { richness: 0 }
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